A simple joint-stock company can be formed with PLN 1 of capital and allows shares to be issued for work. When is it better than a sp. z o.o.?
The simple joint-stock company (P.S.A.) has existed since 2021 and was designed with start-ups in mind. Its share capital may be as low as PLN 1, and shares may be issued for work or services.
When a P.S.A.
- you are planning funding rounds and options for the team
- the shareholders contribute work and know-how
- you want to change the capital flexibly
When a sp. z o.o.
- you run an ordinary trading or service business
- you want a form well known to banks and counterparties
- you do not plan frequent changes in the shareholder structure
This article is general in nature and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Legal status as of 17 October 2026.
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